The Art of Frida Kahlo Essay Example For Students

The Art of Frida Kahlo Essay The Art of Frida Kahlo: Realist and Overwhelming The autobiographical movie Friday directed by Julie Tomato and release in October, 2002. It is a realistic portrait of the life of Mexican painter Friday Kohl and her lifes bitterness, her political believes, and the tormented relationship with her painter husband, Diego Riviera. As a result the motive of her artworks is basically in self- portraits. Fridays personality projects to be a liberal, passionate, independent, strong, and charming woman. She was an eminent artist in the 20th century who exposes angular exceptional thoughts ahead of her time; as a result, many people consider her as feminist although there is a little controversy about this. Magdalene Carmen Friday Kohl y Cauldron, known as Friday Kohl, was born July 6, 1907 in Accompany, Mexico City, Mexico. She died July 13, 1954 in the same place that she was born. She suffered poliomyelitis at the age of six, and at age eighteen, she was a victim of a tragic bus accident which resulted nine surgeries that left her with constant pain and infertility. We will write a custom essay on The Art of Frida Kahlo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, her strength made her replace her agony with art. While she was in bed for recovery, her mom gave her a mirror to see herself. Therefore, through her paintings, we can feel her pain and sensibility. For instance, in one self-portrait The Broken Columns dressed in a metal corset, she painted in a surrealistic way because she was almost naked with nails in her whole body. She is crying; perhaps, we can imagine the dimension of the pain, but she knew what the pain truly was (Sayers). Friday had been damaged for the life by illness and the bus accident, but the last injury was from Diego Riviera, her husband, who Just brought emotional disturbance which lasted until her death. She loved him passionately and obsessively, so she endured his many infidelities including with her sister, Christina. However, she also had many affairs not only with men but also with women. Having a liberal personality, Friday was never committed to social norms; thus her behavior was consequent with her identity and freedom. Even more, she was always inspired by love for her country, dressing in Mexican native gowns. Besides, the political struggle as consequence of 30 years under the government of Portfolio Ditz, a rebellion environment, the Mexican Revolution, and the Mexican constitution surrounded Friday when she was growing up. Therefore, she acquired a social consciousness, identified with the Communist Party. Also, she took the risk of hiding Leon Trotsky, the revolutionary Marxist activist against Stalin, in her house having an affair with him during that time (Hearer). As a feminist, Friday is considered an idol precisely for her personality. She never cares about superficial elements to get attention. She assumed her identity with plenty of liberty, and never suppressed her inclination to be bisexual. Today, many women admire her because she acted at that time as a contemporary woman in the criterion of being a feminist. However, there is a controversy about this because her emotional dependence on Diego has been questionable. She was completely independent, having her own style in her work. Perhaps, she had great and unusual capacity to love that not everybody could understand. In addition, Friday has been an inspiration for many writers, directors, and Journalists to write about her (Gunderson). Her self-portraits reflect the reality of one life with all the experiences, suffering, pain, tradition and history, with bright colors, so these things captivate the hearts of women and men. Friday had the first exhibition of her work a year before her death, and she was well known as an artist. Her true fame began in 1978, with public presentations around the world of her artwork, recognizing her as one of the best painters not only in Mexico but also in the roll. .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376 , .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376 .postImageUrl , .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376 , .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376:hover , .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376:visited , .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376:active { border:0!important; } .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376:active , .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376 .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u63c6b7ed48605b0a00d57bb274efc376:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Art vs Government EssayIn fact, we can find Fridays paintings at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York), and one of her portraits was sold to Soothers a British multinational corporation, for nearly 1. 5 million dollars, being one of the biggest prices paid at a bidding for a Latin American artwork (Sayers). Ironically, her fate was not the enjoyment of all the values that she had, such as an artist, but Friday is a legacy of art, history, and humanity. Her work is biographic, full of passion, and she reflects the bitterness of life for what today we identified with her beautiful mind. The Art of Frida Kahlo Essay Example For Students The Art of Frida Kahlo Essay The Art of Frida Kahlo: Realist and Overwhelming The autobiographical movie Friday directed by Julie Tomato and release in October, 2002. It is a realistic portrait of the life of Mexican painter Friday Kohl and her lifes bitterness, her political believes, and the tormented relationship with her painter husband, Diego Riviera. As a result the motive of her artworks is basically in self- portraits. Fridays personality projects to be a liberal, passionate, independent, strong, and charming woman. She was an eminent artist in the 20th century who exposes angular exceptional thoughts ahead of her time; as a result, many people consider her as feminist although there is a little controversy about this. Magdalene Carmen Friday Kohl y Cauldron, known as Friday Kohl, was born July 6, 1907 in Accompany, Mexico City, Mexico. She died July 13, 1954 in the same place that she was born. She suffered poliomyelitis at the age of six, and at age eighteen, she was a victim of a tragic bus accident which resulted nine surgeries that left her with constant pain and infertility. We will write a custom essay on The Art of Frida Kahlo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, her strength made her replace her agony with art. While she was in bed for recovery, her mom gave her a mirror to see herself. Therefore, through her paintings, we can feel her pain and sensibility. For instance, in one self-portrait The Broken Columns dressed in a metal corset, she painted in a surrealistic way because she was almost naked with nails in her whole body. She is crying; perhaps, we can imagine the dimension of the pain, but she knew what the pain truly was (Sayers). Friday had been damaged for the life by illness and the bus accident, but the last injury was from Diego Riviera, her husband, who Just brought emotional disturbance which lasted until her death. She loved him passionately and obsessively, so she endured his many infidelities including with her sister, Christina. However, she also had many affairs not only with men but also with women. Having a liberal personality, Friday was never committed to social norms; thus her behavior was consequent with her identity and freedom. Even more, she was always inspired by love for her country, dressing in Mexican native gowns. Besides, the political struggle as consequence of 30 years under the government of Portfolio Ditz, a rebellion environment, the Mexican Revolution, and the Mexican constitution surrounded Friday when she was growing up. Therefore, she acquired a social consciousness, identified with the Communist Party. Also, she took the risk of hiding Leon Trotsky, the revolutionary Marxist activist against Stalin, in her house having an affair with him during that time (Hearer). As a feminist, Friday is considered an idol precisely for her personality. She never cares about superficial elements to get attention. She assumed her identity with plenty of liberty, and never suppressed her inclination to be bisexual. Today, many women admire her because she acted at that time as a contemporary woman in the criterion of being a feminist. However, there is a controversy about this because her emotional dependence on Diego has been questionable. She was completely independent, having her own style in her work. Perhaps, she had great and unusual capacity to love that not everybody could understand. In addition, Friday has been an inspiration for many writers, directors, and Journalists to write about her (Gunderson). Her self-portraits reflect the reality of one life with all the experiences, suffering, pain, tradition and history, with bright colors, so these things captivate the hearts of women and men. Friday had the first exhibition of her work a year before her death, and she was well known as an artist. Her true fame began in 1978, with public presentations around the world of her artwork, recognizing her as one of the best painters not only in Mexico but also in the roll. .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7 , .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7 .postImageUrl , .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7 , .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7:hover , .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7:visited , .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7:active { border:0!important; } .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7:active , .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7 .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue8211ee75a989035ef855ea113f079d7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Art Deco movement and description EssayIn fact, we can find Fridays paintings at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York), and one of her portraits was sold to Soothers a British multinational corporation, for nearly 1. 5 million dollars, being one of the biggest prices paid at a bidding for a Latin American artwork (Sayers). Ironically, her fate was not the enjoyment of all the values that she had, such as an artist, but Friday is a legacy of art, history, and humanity. Her work is biographic, full of passion, and she reflects the bitterness of life for what today we identified with her beautiful mind.

Problems for Teachers That Hinder Their Effectiveness

Problems for Teachers That Hinder Their Effectiveness Problems that teachers face include handling student needs, lack of parental support, and even criticism from a public that can be largely unaware of their everyday lives. Addressing these problems and bringing awareness to the educational environment that our teachers and students face daily can help improve teacher retention, student success rates, and the overall quality of education in our schools. Balancing a Wide Range of Student Needs No matter what type of school youre talking about, teachers have to deal with a wide range of student needs, but public schools may struggle the most here. While private schools are able to select their students based on an application and assessment of the best fit for the school and community, public schools in the United States are required to take every student. While most educators would never want to change this fact, some teachers are faced with students who distract the rest of the classroom and add a significant challenge. Part of what makes teaching a challenging career is the diversity of the students. All students are unique in having their own background, needs, and learning styles. Teachers have to be prepared to work with all learning styles in every lesson, requiring more prep time and creativity. However, successfully working through this challenge can be an empowering experience for both students and teachers alike. Lack of Parental Support It can be incredibly frustrating for a teacher when parents don’t support their efforts to educate children. Ideally, a partnership exists between school and home, with both working in tandem to provide the best learning experience for students. However, when parents dont follow through with their responsibilities, it can often have a negative impact on the class. Research has proven that children whose parents make education a high priority and stay consistently involved may be more successful academically. Ensuring that students eat well, get enough sleep, study, complete their homework, and are prepared for the school day are just a few of the basic of the things that parents are expected to do for their children. While many of the best teachers go above and beyond to make up for a lack of parental support, a total team effort from the teachers, parents, and students is the ideal approach. Parents are the most powerful and consistent link between children and school since they are there throughout the child’s life while the teachers will change annually. When a child knows that education is essential and important, it makes a difference. Parents can also work to communicate effectively with the teacher and ensure that their child is successfully completing assignments. However, not every family has the ability to provide the necessary supervision and partnership, and some children are left to figure things out on their own. When faced with poverty, a lack a supervision, stressful and unstable home lives, and even parents who arent present, students have to overcome numerous hurdles to even make it school, never mind succeed. These challenges can lead to students failing and/or dropping out of school. Lack of Proper Funding School finance has a significant impact on teachers ability to maximize their effectiveness. When funding is low, class sizes often increase, which impacts instructional curriculum, supplemental curriculum, technology, and various instructional and extracurricular programs. Enrichment programs are cut, supply budgets are limited, and teachers have to get creative. Most teachers understand that this is completely out of their control, but it doesn’t make the situation any less frustrating. In public schools, finances are usually driven by each individual state’s budget and local property taxes, as well as federal funding and other sources, whereas private schools have private funding and often more flexibility in how it is spent. That means public school teachers are often more affected by lack of funding and are limited in how they can spend their money. In lean times, schools are often forced to make cuts that have a negative impact. Most teachers make do with the resources they are given or supplement with their own personal contributions. Overemphasis on Standardized Testing Not every student learns in the same way, and therefore not every student can accurately demonstrate mastery of educational topics and concepts in a similar fashion. As a result, standardized testing can be an ineffective method of assessment. While some teachers are completely against standardized testing, others tell you that they don’t have a problem with the standardized tests themselves but with how the results are interpreted and used. Most teachers say that you can’t get a true indicator of what any particular student is capable of on a single test on any particular day. Standardized tests arent just a pain for students, either; many school systems use the results to determine the effectiveness of the teachers themselves. This overemphasis has caused many teachers to shift their overall approach to teaching to a focus directly on these tests. This not only takes away from creativity and limits the scope of what is taught but can also quickly create teacher burnout and put excess pressure on the teachers to have their students perform well. Standardized testing brings with it other challenges as well. For example, many authorities outside of education only look at the tests bottom line, which hardly ever tell the whole story. Observers need to take much more into account than the overall score. Consider the example of two high school math teachers. One teaches in an affluent suburban school with lots of resources, and one teaches in an inner-city school with minimal resources. The teacher in the suburban school has 95% of her students score proficient, and the teacher in the inner-city school has 55% of his students score proficient. If only comparing overall scores, the teacher in the suburban school would appear to be the more effective teacher. However, a more in-depth look at the data reveals that only 10% of students in the suburban school had significant growth during the year while 70% of the students in the inner-city school had significant growth. So who is the better teacher? You can’t tell simply from standardized test scores, yet a large majority of decision-makers want to use test scores alone to judge both student and teacher performances. Poor Public Perception Weve all heard the old saying Those who can, do. Those who cant, teach. Unfortunately, a stigma is attached to teachers within the United States. In some countries, public school teachers are highly regarded and revered for the service that they provide. Today, teachers continue to be in the public spotlight because of their direct impact on the nation’s youth. Theres the added challenge that the media often focuses on negative stories dealing with teachers, which pulls attention away from their positive impact. The truth is that most teachers are dedicated educators who are in it for the right reasons and doing a solid job. Focusing on a good teacher’s best qualities can help teachers overcome their perceptions and find fulfillment in their profession. Educational Trends When it comes to learning, experts are always looking for the best tools and tactics for educating children. While many of these trends are actually strong and worthy of implementation, adoption of them within schools can be haphazard. Some believe that public education in the United States is broken, which often drives schools to look at ways to reform, sometimes too rapidly. Teachers can be faced with mandated changes in tools, curriculum, and best practices as administrators race to adopt the latest and greatest trends. However, these constant changes can lead to inconsistency and frustration, making teachers lives more difficult. Adequate training isnt always made available, and many teachers are left to fend for themselves to figure out how to implement whatever has been adopted. On the flip side, some schools are resistant to change, and teachers who are educated about learning trends may not receive funding or support to adopt them. This can lead to a lack of job satisfaction and teacher turnover, and it can hold students back from delving into a new way to learn that may actually help them achieve more.

Human Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Systems - Essay Example Development of writing skills is an asset that can be used in my future undertakings. While a writing skill can be useful in the rank-and-file positions, it can be more helpful for one holding a position of leadership. I agree with the Lin Grensing 1988 report declaring that â€Å"one of the most important to productivity† is a writing skill (Hansen & Hansen, 2008, para. 5). And even as early as 1991, the U.S. Labor Department had already said that majority of jobs in the coming years would indeed need writing skills (Hansen & Hansen, 2008) and that includes the computer and information technology sector. Writing skill is necessary in many line of work. In some areas, it may even contribute to success in one's career. Its importance cannot be simply ignored because it is a mode by which we communicate with others and exchange ideas. Whether a person is in computer programming or software production, exchange of ideas with colleagues is indispensable. My discipline is primarily concerned with computers and the people using them. At first glance, it may seem that there is no need for someone involved in my discipline to have any skill in writing. As long as I can speak with the people using the computers, then that would be enough. ... There is a need to file them in the folder for archiving or reference at a future time. Some documents and reports have to be submitted to my immediate supervisor and the higher officers of the organisation. Other written documents are intended to be read by my peers. These written forms should be made in a formal manner and to do it, I must possess that skill in writing that conforms to a certain writing style. Moreover, there is a specific format in writing formal business documents. The document must also convey the message clearly. Corporate and business correspondences are intended to transfer critical or important information. And whatever message intended by the sender to be disseminated to the rest of the members of the organization, it must be understood as what the sender intended it to be. A faulty written document can relay a wrong impression or an erroneous interpretation. It can have a disastrous effect upon the business or the organisation as a whole. A writing skill t hen, is crucial to the internal operation of any business or company. In the same manner, when holding a higher position such as that of a manager, a skill in writing is also necessary. The manager has to write reports, letters, and messages for subordinates (Stiller, 2010). Such documents must be easily understandable by the intended recipient, otherwise, it will be consume unnecessary time for the readers to figure out what the author is trying to convey or what instructions are being relayed. If it is a safety instruction and has been misunderstood, an accident or injury can result. An example in my discipline that concerns computer and people working with it can be exemplified clearly in this simple scenario. There are several computer units

Marxism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marxism - Essay Example The main belief of Marxism revolves around the following teams: Analysis of capitalism identifies and discusses different aspects of capitalism. Some of these aspects include "alienation" of workers, exploitation and the source of profits,  economic growth and development, economic crises,  business cycles, wage labour and surplus value, and the value of commodities (www.marxismfaq.co.uk, n. pag). The theoretical foundation of Marxism is in the materialist conception of history. In simple terms it is the application of Marxist thought to historical development.  According to Marxists the main driving force of history is the class struggle. As Marx and Engels wrote in "The Communist Manifesto",  "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles." (www.marxismfaq.co.uk, n. pag) According to Marxists believe, the society is divided into separate classes. Bourgeoisie (capitalists) and the proletariat (workers) are the two main classes under capitalism according to Marx and Engels. The fourth important issue they addressed is after the proletariat have taken state power themselves, they will consolidate their position as the new ruling class of society through the so called "revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat". This "dictatorship" of the working class will be the midway between capitalism and communism (www.marxismfaq.co.uk, n. pag). Marxs passion towards communism was his focus which was far more important than the class struggle, the dialectic, the theory of surplus value, and all the others. Marx categorically discarded those utopian socialists who sought to arrive at communism through a gradual and evolutionary process, through a balanced advancement of the good. In fact Marx harked back to the apocalyptics, the post-millennia1 coercive German and Dutch Anabaptists of the sixteenth century, and to the various groups of pre-millennial Christians (Rothbard, 123-179). Earlier to the popularization of the Race, Gender

Learning, Knowledge and Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Learning, Knowledge and Performance - Essay Example The discourse also considers the Kolb learning system and influences of improving the situation at Siemens. Siemens organization did not consider earlier knowledge management, yet it is an economic resource for the company. It is essential for Siemens to recognize that sharing of knowledge is a significant element of knowledge management. Knowledge management is not part of the success strategy in the learning and knowledge at Siemens. Employees own knowledge and incorporating them into institutional knowledge at Siemens relies on the cultural behavior regarding sharing knowledge (Morey, Maybury, Bhavani, &Thuraisingham2002, p. 23).It is the role of the company to inculcate the culture of knowledge sharing among employees. Employees at Siemens comprehend that sharing of knowledge is significant but do not share amongst them because they hold it an important asset that can make them remain valuable at the company (Sonbuchner 1991, p. 31). It is not possible to force employees to share knowledge neither is it advisable. However, employees induced or motivated to do so. The system at Siemens constitutes motivational methods to induce workers into adopting the behavior of sharing knowledge, the biggest cha llenge emanates from changing the current behavior of employees (MacKeracher 1996, p. 56). Changing behavior is directly proportional to the success of sharing knowledge and the effectiveness of knowledge management (Stewart & Rigg 2011, p. 41). The value of sharing knowledge in knowledge management requires understanding ways through which employees remain motivated to share knowledge in a way that helps the overall intellectual advantage of Siemens (Kiersey1984). The knowledge gaps at Siemens are barriers in attaining desired goals in the company (Jones& Carr 1987, p. 69). The climate and culture at Siemens play a significant role in developing the process of sharing knowledge among

Maintenance and Operation of Lubricant Systems

Maintenance and Operation of Lubricant Systems Activity 1 Explain the purpose and the applications of three different types of lubricant. Greases: are solid or semisolid lubricants and generally consist of soaps, mineral oil, and various additives. These are highly viscous ad adhere well to metal surfaces. Although used extensively in machinery, greases are of limited use in manufacturing processes. Graphite: is weak in shear alone its basal planes and therefore has a low coefficient of friction in that direction. It is an effective solid lubricant, particularly at elevated temperatures. In a vacuum or an inertgas atmosphere, friction is very high; in fact, graphite can be abrasive in these situations. We can apply graphite either by rubbing it on surfaces or by making it part of a colloidal (dispersion of small particles). Glasses: is a solid material, glass becomes viscous at elevated temperatures and, therefore, can serve as a liquid lubricant. Viscosity is a function of temperatures, but not of pressure, and depends on the type of glass. Poor thermal conductivity also makes glass attractive, since it acts as a thermal barrier between hot work pieces and relatively cool dies. Glass lubrication is typically used in such applications as hot extrusion and forging. Activity 2 Describe the operation and maintenance of three different lubrications systems. Oil circulatory systems: In Oil circulatory systems, the oil is continuously supplied to various moving parts and bearings. In such systems, oil acts both as lubricant and also as coolant by earning away heat generated in the bearings/moving parts. The oil after lubrication is returned to reservoir either directly or through filters. These systems are large, employing reservoirs of capacity ranging from few hundreds of liters to thousands of liters. The pumps are heavy duty, intended for continuous running, with flow rate ranging from few tens of LPM to few thousands of LPM. These systems are widely used for plants like Cement, Sugar, Paper, Power generation. Steel as well as heavy duty machineries. Full Force Feed systems: In a full force-feed lubrication system, the main bearings, rod bearings, camshaft bearings, and the complete valve mechanism are lubricated by oil under pressure. In addition, the full force-feed lubrication system provides lubrication under pressure to the pistons and the piston pins. This is accomplished by holes drilled the length of the connecting rod, creating an oil passage from the connecting rod bearing To the piston pin bearing. This passage not only feeds the piston pin bearings but also provides lubrication for the pistons and cylinder walls. This system is used in virtually all engines that are equipped with full-floating piston pins. Force Feed systems: A fairly more complete pressurization of lubrication is achieved in the force-feed lubrication system Oil is forced by the oil pump from the crankcase to the main bearings and the camshaft bearings. Unlike the combination system the connecting-rod bearings are also fed oil under pressure from the pump. Oil passages are drilled in the crankshaft to lead oil to the connecting-rod bearings. The passages deliver oil from the main bearing journals to the rod bearing journals. In some engines, these opening are holes that line up once for every crankshaft revolution. In other engines, there are annular grooves in the main bearings through which oil can feed constantly into the hole in the crankshaft. The pressurized oil that lubricates the connecting-rod bearings goes on to lubricate the pistons and walls by squirting out through strategically drilled holes. This lubrication system is used in virtually all engines that are equipped with semifloating piston pins. Activity 3: Describe the operation of one seal, one type of packing and two different types of bearing with a typical application for each one. Seal: End face seals: This type of seal uses both rigid and flexible fundamentals that maintain contact at a sealing interface and slide on each other, allowing a rotating element to a pass through a sealed case. The elements are hydraulically and mechanically loaded with a spring or other device to maintain contact. In general the end face seal is sealed to the pump end plate by a gasket or O- ring and also the rotating seal face runs against the stationary seat (the opposing surface lapped to high degree of flatness). An end face mechanical seal, also known as a mechanical face seal but usually simply as a mechanical seal, is a type of seal utilised in rotating equipment, such as pumps and compressors. Packing: O-ring: Is a packing and it is also known as tonic joint, it is a mechanical gasket in the shape of a torus. It has a cross-section with a disc-shaped; it is also a loop of elastomer. O-rings are one of the most common seals used in machine design because they are inexpensive and easy to make, reliable, and have simple mounting requirements. They can seal tens of megapascals (thousands of psi) pressure. An O-ring is basically defined by its section diameter and the inner diameter of the O-Ring. O rings have many advantageous features including Low cost suit static dynamic duties space efficient seals in both directions fluid pressure assists sealing Suitable for all fluids-using appropriate elastomers. Two different types of bearings: Plain bearing: In general plain bearing have rubbing surfaces usually with lubricants. The stiffness of plain bearing are Good, provided wear is low, but some slack is normally present. It also has a very low speed to a very high sleep. Plain bearing is the simplest type of bearing, widely used, relatively high friction, suffers from stiction in some applications. Some bearings use pumped lubrication and behave similarly to fluid bearings. At high speeds life can be very short. Rolling-element bearing: A rolling-element rotary bearing uses a shaft in a much larger hole, and cylinders called rollers tightly fill the space between the shaft and hole. As the shaft turns, each roller acts as the logs in the above example. Yet, since the bearing is round, the rollers never fall out from under the load. A rolling-element bearing is a bearing which carries a load by placing round elements between the two pieces. The relative motion of the pieces causes the round elements to roll with very little rolling resistance and with little sliding. It is the earliest and best-known rolling-element bearings are sets of logs laid on the ground with a large stone block on top. As the stone is pulled, the logs roll along the ground with little sliding friction. As each log comes out the back, it is moved to the front where the block then rolls on to it. Activity 4: Describe two different types of screwed fasting and two different types of rivet giving a typical application for each one. Two different types of screwed fasting: Bolts and Nuts: Bolts and nuts can be made from steel, brass, aluminum alloys and plastic. There are all sorts of bolts and nuts with different sizes for example: M6x25 high tensile bolt BZP M2 full not zinc The above metric blots and nuts and specified as steel. The specifications for bolts and nuts: Example: M8x1.550: M specifies that it is metric. The number next to the letter M which is 8 specifies the diameter in millimeters. 1.5 specifies the tread pitch in millimeters. 50 specifies the length of the shank in millimeters. There are other bolts for example: Tap bolt A bolt that is threaded all the way to the head. Eye bolt A bolt with a looped head. Toggle bolt A bolt with a special nut known as a wing. It is designed to be used where there is no access to side of the material where the nut is located. Usually the wing is spring loaded and expands after being inserted into the hole. The strength of the bolts Can be identified by reading the numbers stamped on the head of the bolts, these are referred to the grad of the bolt used in certain applications with the strength of the bolt. High-strength steel bolts usually have a hexagonal head with an International Organization for Standardization(ISO) strength rating stamped on the head. Studs and nuts: Studs: Road studs: These are generally used on hard surfaces, such as roads or very had ground. They are normally 4 to 6 sided, small and flat in size and blunt. Ice studs: these are also designed for use on hard surfaces, but generally have a longer, sharper point than road studs, to provide traction on slippery surfaces. Grass studs: are also known as bullet studs , they come in many different lengths but are always larger and shaper than road studs and generally narrow so they can dig into hard, dry ground. Mud Studs: are used on extremely soft or wet riding surfaces where deep traction is needed. They are bigger thanRoad Studsbut often rounded on top and come in several different lengths.Mud Studscan also be square in shape, known asBlock Studs.SomeMud Studsare knownasOlympic Studs*which are long and sharp and used for extremely slippery ground Two different types of rivets: Blind rivets. These types of blind rivets have non-locking mandrels and are avoided for critical structural joints because the mandrels may fall out, due to vibration or other reasons, leaving a hollow rivet that will have a significantly lower load carrying capability than solid rivets. In addition, because of the mandrel they are more horizontal to failure from corrosion and vibration. A drive rivet: A drive rivet is an appearance of blind rivet that has a little mandrel protruding from the head that is driven in with a hammer to flicker out the end inserted in the hole. This is usually used to rivet wood panels into place since the hole does not need to be drilled all the way through the panel, producing a beautiful pleasing appearance. They can also be used with plastic, metal, Other materials and require no special setting tool other than a hammer and possibly a backing block. P5-Decribe the operation of two different types of cam and followers and two different types of linage mechanism. Two different types of cam and followers: Cam followers are comparable to needle or cylindrical roller bearings with a thick-walled external ring. The crowned outer surface of the outer ring prevents border stresses if the roller runs in a twisted or inclined location. They are grease full ready-to-mount units appropriate for all types of cam drives, tracks and conveyor systems. In its place of an inner ring cam followers have a hard threaded pin to permit the cam follower to be quickly and easily attached to the machine mechanism by means of a hexagonal nut. Axial guidance is provided through an essential flange on the external ring at the top of the pin and a side. Cam followers are obtainable in three different internal designs. Usually, the cam followers have concentric seating on the pin, but some are also accessible with a strange collar shrunk on to the stud. Cam follower bearings with collar allow an optimum interaction with the cam and allow fewer stringent developed tolerances for the mechanism. Two different types of linkage mechanism: A mechanical linkage is a sequence of rigid links linked through joints to shape a closed series, or a series of closed chains. Every linkage has two or more joints, and the joints have a variety of degrees of freedom to allow movement between the relations. A linkage is called a mechanism if two or more links are movable with respect to a fixed link. Four-bar linkage mechanisms: The four-bar linkage is one more mechanism which finds general uses. It is establish in applications such as windscreen wiper drives, Vehicle suspension units and Everyday uses such as the hinges on kitchen cupboard doors and squeeze-mop mechanisms. Two of the links spin about fixed centers and are connected by a coupler linkage. The fourth link is shaped by the frame or bed plate that contains the permanent centers of rotary motion. It must be noted that the number of inversion of machinery is equal to the number of links, which in this case is four links. Reverse motion linkage. As the top bar moves to the left the base bar moves to the right. The bars move in reverse directions. an additional way of describing this linkage is the direction of movement in one bar is reversed in the other rod. The fixed pivot is the centre of rotation. (P6): describe the arrangement and operation of Two different kinds of belt drive: Flat belts: Flat belts are used mostly for transmitting light tons. Since they are flexible, this makes them appropriate for applications where there is some misalignment among shafts; they possibly will be crossed to give opposition directions of turning round to the pulleys. They can also be twisted to attach shaft which are not in the same plane. Vee belts: Vee belts (also recognized as V-belt or wedge rope) solved the slippage and arrangement problem. It is currently the essential belt for power transmission. They offer the best mixture of grip, pace of movement, load of the bearings, and long service life. They are usually continuous, and their common cross-section shape is trapezoidal. The V shape of the belt tracks in a mating groove in the pulley (or sheave), with the effect that the belt cannot slip off. The belt also tends to hold into the groove as the load increases the larger the load, the larger the wedging action improving torque transmission and making the vee belt an helpful solution, needing less width and tension than flat belts. Two different kinds of chain drive: A chain is a method of transferring rotary motion between two parallel shafts. The chain drive is positive, efficient and high torques can be transmitted. The chain is generally made from steel although plastic chains have been developed. Roller Chain: Roller chain or bush roller chain is the type of chain most frequently used for transmission of mechanical power on bicycles, motorcycles, and in industrial and agricultural machinery. It is a straightforward, dependable, and efficient means of power transmission. Two different kinds of gear train. Epicyclic gearing or planetary gearing is a gear system that consists of one or more external gears, or planet mechanism, rotating about a central, or sun gear. Typically, the planet gears are mounted on a movable arm or carrier which itself may rotate relative to the sun gear. Epicyclic gearing systems may also incorporate the use of an outer ring gear or annulus, which meshes with the planet gears. (P7): Describe the arrangement and operation of: Two different kinds of transmission shaft Power transmission shafts are mainly used in two wheeler and four wheeler vehicles. These shafts consist of metal joint elements and a metal pipe connected to each other. To provide more rigidity to shafts, a plastic pipe is inserted into metal pipe thus forming a composite power transmission shaft having more strength and rigidity. Automotive transmission shafts are especially designed and used in two wheelers as well as four wheelers. These shafts are integral hollow type shafts that maintain a perfect balance between static strength and fatigue strength. Two different types of Couplings: Shaft couplings are used in machinery for several purposes, the most common ones are: To provide for the connection of shafts of units those are manufactured separately such as a motor and generator and to provide for disconnection for repairs or alternations. To provide for misalignment of the shafts or to introduce mechanical flexibility. To reduce the transmission of shock loads from one shaft to another. Rigid Slip Couplings: This type of coupling has no flexibility; therefore it is necessary for the shafts that aretobe connected to be in good alignment, both laterally and angularity, in order excessive loadson the coupling, on the shafts, or on the shaft bearings.Rigid couplings do not accommodate misalignment and consequently should not be usedindiscriminately. Types of Rigid Couplings: Sleeve or muff coupling: It is the simplest type of rigid coupling, made of cast iron. Itconsists of a hollow cylinder whose innerdiameter is the same as that of the shaft. It is fitted over the ends of the two shafts by means of a gibhead key. Clamp coupling: Clamp coupling is sometimes called a compression coupling or a ribbed coupling. Clamp coupling is a modification and an improvement of the sleeve coupling. This coupling is made in two parts which are machined to fit the shaft and are finished off around the periphery and on both ends. Flange coupling: A flange coupling usually applies to a coupling having two separate cast iron flanges. Each flange is mounted on the shaft end and keyed to it. The faces are turned up at right angle to the axis of the shaft. Two different kinds of clutch: Dog clutch: is a type ofclutchthat couples two turning shafts or other rotating mechanism not byfrictionbut by interference. The two parts of the clutch are designed such that one will push the other, causing both to rotate at the same speed and will never slip. Dog clutches are used inside manual automotive transmissions to lock different gears to the rotating input and output shafts. Cone clutch: serves the same purpose as a disk or plateclutch. However, instead of mating two spinning disks, the cone clutch uses two conical surfaces to transmit torque by friction. The cone clutch transfers a higher torque than plate or disk clutches of the same size due to the wedging action and increased surface area. Cone clutches are generally now only used in low peripheral speed applications although they were once common in automobiles and other combustion engine transmissions. Two different kinds of breaks: Disc brakes: are made of cast iron or ceramic composites. The use of these types of breaks ate to stop or slow the rotation of a wheel. Hydraulic brakes: use brake fluid, and normally containing ethylene glycol the reason for this is because to transfer pressure from the controlling unit and also to brake mechanism which is normally near the wheel. (P8): Describe with the aid of diagrams the general layout operation of a Pneumatic actuation system: Pneumatic systems provide a softer action and are also not able to deliver such large forces. Besides the disadvantages pneumatic systems have some advantages which are: Simplicity of Design and Control Machines are easily designed using standard cylinders other components. Control is as easy as it is simple ON OFF type control. Reliability Pneumatic systems tend to have long operating lives and require very little maintenance. Because gas is compressible, the equipment is less likely to be damaged by shock. The gas in pneumatics absorbs excessive force, whereas the fluid of hydraulics directly transfers force. Storage Compressed Gas can be stored, allowing the use of machines when electrical power is lost. Safety Very low chance of fire (compared to hydraulic oil). Machines can be designed to be overload safe. The process of the pneumatic system that is shown above: The compressor receives filtered air form air filter and delivers through an after-cooler to the compressed air receiver. Then the air is distributed to different applications as well as the pneumatic cylinder. Pneumatic systems employ gas that is compressed under extremely high pressure. For some applications where the air must be perfectly dry, the system also contains a moisture separator. The practical use of pneumatics comes in putting that compressed gas to use, at its most basic level a pneumatic system holds compressed gas in a specially designed tank and then we release some of that gas into an expandable chamber. The expandable part of the chamber has a rod attached to it so that as it expands the rod moves outward. Hydraulic actuation systems: Air has a low density and is compressible at the same time as hydraulic oil has a much higher density and is almost incompressible. Therefore, hydraulic systems are capable to function at much advanced pressure and deliver the very huge positive forces which are necessary in applications such as hydraulic presses and lifts. Hydraulic actuation system has advantages which are listed below: Advantages of hydraulics Liquid (as a gas is also a fluid) does not absorb any of the supplied energy. Capable of moving much higher loads and providing much higher forces due to the incompressibility. The hydraulic working fluid is basically incompressible, leading to a minimum ofspringaction. When hydraulic fluid flow is stopped, the slightest motion of the load releases the pressure on the load; there is no need to bleed off pressurized air to release the pressure on the load. The process of the Hydraulic actuation systems that is shown above: The system has motor-driven pump which draws filtered oil from the tank and distributes it through a pressure regulator to the positions where it is necessary. The pump runs constantly and the excess oil which is not necessary for procedures is diverted back to the tank by the pressure regulator. It must be noted that the organization generally supplies a relatively little work area in the locality of the pump and tank. It is not realistic to provide oil under pressure over large distances for the reason that of pressure drop and the need for a return pipe. A manual or automatic control valve supplies oil to the actuation cylinder and directs return oil to the reservoir. A mechanical handling system: The transfer of material, components and assemblies through the manufacturing stages often takes position on roller or belt conveyors. Mechanical handling has a broad variety of handling. Lifting gear used in developing business is broad and in some cases it is extremely meticulous. The roller conveyer is most expected the easiest form where manufactured goods are passed among work stations along a track having rollers. Materials are regularly shifted through a motor-driven belts conveyer. The belts are from frequently maintained on concave roller so that is falls in the center. (P9): Describe with the aid of diagrams the general layout and operation of Steam power generation plant: Though the main process in steam power station is the conversion of heat energy into electrical energy, it comprises of many steps for its proper working and good efficiency. The whole arrangement of a steam power station could be divided into following steps: The steam generating plant consist of boiler and its auxiliary equipments for the utilisation of flue gases. Boiler: The heat produced by the burning of coal in the boiler is used to produce steam at high temperature and pressure. The flue gases produced at the time of combustion is passed through the super heater, economiser, air- preheater and finally exhausted into the atmosphere through chimney. Super Heater: The steam produced in the boiler has got moisture content so it is dried and superheated (i.e. steam temperature is increased above boiling point of water)by the flue gases on the way to chimney. Super heating ensures two benefits at first the overall efficiency of the system is increased and secondly the corrosion to the turbine blades due to condensation in later stages is prevented. The superheated steam from superheater is fed to steam turbine by means of a main valve. Air preheater: Air preheater increases the temperature of the air supplied to coal for combustion using flue gases. Air is drawn in using a forced draught fan and is passed through preheater before supplying it to the boiler. This process increases the thermal efficiency and steam capacity per square meter of the boiler surface. Steam Turbine: The dry and super heated steam from superheater is fed to the turbine by means of a main valve. Due to the striking or reaction impact of the steam on the blades of turbine it starts rotating i.e. heat energy is converted to mechanical energy. After giving heat energy to the turbine the steam is exhausted to a condenser which condenses the exhausted steam by means of a cold water circulation. Alternator: The steam turbine is coupled to an alternator; the alternator converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The electrical output is transferred to the bus bars through transformer, circuit breaker and isolators. Feed Water: The condensed water produced in the condenser is used as feed water, some amount of water may be lost in the cycle but it is compensated using an external source and the cycle repeats and gives a better efficiency to the system. Cooling Arrangement: Inorder to increase the efficiency of the plant the steam coming from the turbine is condensed using a condenser. The water circulation for cooling steam in condenser is take from a natural source like river, stream etc and the out coming hot water from condenser is discharged in some lower portion of the water source. In scarcity of water the water from the condenser is cooled and reused with the help of a cooling tower. Refrigeration system: There are several heat transfer loops in a refrigeration system as shown above. Thermal energy moves from left to right as it is extracted from the space and expelled into the outdoors through five loops of heat transfer: Indoor air loop. In the left loop, indoor air is driven by the supply air fan through cooling coil, where it transfers its heat to chilled water. The cool air then cools the building space. Chilled water loop. Driven by the chilled water pump, water returns from the cooling coil to the chillers evaporator to be re-cooled. Refrigerant loop. Using a phase-change refrigerant, the chillers compressor pumps heat from the chilled water to the condenser water. Condenser water loop. Water absorbs heat from the chillers condenser, and the condenser water pump sends it to the cooling tower. Cooling tower loop. The cooling towers fan drives air across an open flow of the hot condenser water, transferring the heat to the outdoors. There are two fundamental types of refrigeration system. They are the; Vapour-compression system The vapour-absorption system. The two types are used for commercial purposes and domestic refrigerators and the two of them work on the standard that when a liquid vanishes, it takes in concealed heat from its surroundings. The liquids used in refrigerators and freezers are called refrigerants. They are made to evaporate at a temperature below 0 degrees Celsius and in doing so; they take in latent heat and maintain the cold space at a sub-zero temperature. A refrigerant must have a low freezing point so that it does not solidify or form slush in the low temperature part of the refrigeration cycle. Also it should have a high value for its latent heat of vaporisation to maximise the transfer of heat energy during the cycle. Compression refrigeration cycles take advantage of the fact that highly compressed fluids at a certain temperature tend to get colder when they are allowed to expand. If the pressure change is high enough, then the compressed gas will be hotter than our source of cooling (outside air, for instance) and the expanded gas will be cooler than our desired cold temperature. In this case, fluid is used to cool a low temperature environment and reject the heat to a high temperature environment. Vapour compression refrigeration cycles have two advantages. First, a large amount of thermal energy is required to change a liquid to a vapor, and therefore a lot of heat can be removed from the air-conditioned space. Second, the isothermal nature of the vaporization allows extraction of heat without raising the temperature of the working fluid to the temperature of whatever is being cooled. This means that the heat transfer rate remains high, because the closer the working fluid temperature approach es that of the surroundings, the lower the rate of heat transfer. An air condition system: An Air-condition system is the full automatic control of the indoor atmosphere to maintain comfortable and healthy conditions. Its objective is to provide clean, fresh air at a temperature and humidity level that is comfortable to the occupants. The essential ingredients in an air conditioning system are a fan to blow air around, a cold surface to cool and dehumidify the air, a warm surface and a source of water vapour. In a large system there will also be a tangle of tubes to distribute the air and collect it again. Notice that the cold surface has two independent jobs to do: it is used to cool the air and it is also used to dehumidify, by condensing water from the air. Advantages of Pneumatic systems over Hydraulic systems: Extremely cheaper then hydraulic systems. The force transmitter, air, is freely available. Cleaner systems as air leakage do not create a mess. Due to high pressure Hydraulic oil becomes very hot after continuous use. It can cause injury/burns if someone comes in contact with it. Usually has open circuits and we dont have to worry about the return circuit. (D1): Justify the use of shell tellus oil 27 lubricant and the splash lubrication system in the lathe machines in the college machine shop: Shell tellus oil 27and 37 lubricants: Shell Tellus Oils oil 27 are premium quality hydraulic oils generally acknowledged to be the standard-setter in the field of engineering hydraulic and fluid power lubrication. Shell tellus oil 27 has high lubrication properties and excellent low friction characteristics in hydraulic systems operating at low or high speed. Prevents stick-slip problems in critical applications enabling very fine control of machinery.Because of the reasons mentioned above shell tellus oil 27 is rated one of the best lubricant for lathe machine. Shell Tellus Oil 37 is an improved version of shell tellus oil 27. Shell Tellus Oi

Significance Of The Berlin Wall Essay -- European History Cold War

Significance of The Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall, built in August of 1961, was s physical symbol of the political and emotional divisions of Germany. The Wall was built because of a long lasting suspicion between the Soviet Union on one side and Western Europe and the United States on the other. For 28 years the Berlin Wall separated friends, families, and a nation. After WWII was over Germany was divided into four parts. The United States, Great Britain, and France controlled the three divisions that were formed in the Western half and the Eastern half was controlled by the Soviet Republic. The Western sections eventually united to make a federal republic, while the Eastern half became communist. Even though Berlin lay deep within the Soviet sector, the Allies thought it would be the best to divide this capital. Therefore Berlin was also divided into four parts. Since the Soviet Union was in control of the eastern half of Germany, they made East Berlin the capital of East Germany. The other three counties were each in control of a small part of what was to be West Germany. The Allies decided that they would come together to form one country out of their three divided parts. Those three divided parts formed West Germany. After all the land was divided the Soviet Union controlled East Germany. Just like the Soviet Union, the economy in East Germany was struggling to get back on its feet after the war. While West Berlin became a lively urban area like many American cities, East Berlin became what many thought of as a ‘Mini-Moscow’. In East Germany there was literary almost nothing. The shelves in the stores were practically bare, and what was there was not in very g ood quality. At first, the divisions between East and West Berlin were uncertain. There was nothing that divided the city. For more than ten years after the official split of the city, East Berlin saw a major emigration of East Germans, unhappy with the communist system. With nothing physical to separate East and West Berlin, migration from totalitarianism to democracy was as easy for East Berliners as changing houses. The Soviet Union went against their promises to the people of East Germany, and made East Germany a Communist country. This decision by the Soviet Union separated East Germany even more from the rest of Europe. East Germany was now all by itself, and by the summer of 1952 th... ...y important that the bigger part is long gone, which is tearing down the physical wall. The one and last element that is left for German people is the wall in their minds. As it can be seen from discussion above, only time can bring together the true reunification of German People. With the time, there is very little to do but wait, however we can help by helping and educating each other so what happened in 1961 won’t be repeated by generations to come. In conclusion Berlin Wall was an important milestone in the growth of the Cold War. It was the expansion that represented the thinking of a determined Communist system. Western Capitalism, which was more powerful, eventually defeated the system. The massive wall that did so much harm to a country was finally destroyed, and the people of Germany could now live the way they all wanted to live. They could live the life of freedom. Since the fall of the Berlin Wall East Germany has went through a lot of changes, and it still is not easy for all of the people in East Germany. But no matter how hard it is for the people of East Germany now, it is better than being alone and separated from their families, friends and rest of Europe.

Fast Food Nation Essay

The idea of â€Å"fast food† has been around since before the 1920s. However, the real emergence of the industry was not until the late 1940s following the Second World War. Military based towns were desolate during the war. Once the war was over, there were many more mouths to feed and more places to put restaurant franchises. This coupled with the passing of Eisenhower’s Interstate Highway Act and the sheer drive of fast food pioneers allowed franchising to be very successful. People were able to take their new cars on the highway and take convenient off-ramps to â€Å"speedee service† restaurants (Schlosser, 20). Ray Kroc, founder of the McDonald’s corporation, has created a revolutionary franchise that has become a household name all over the world. There are many theories on how this and other fast food corporations reached such success. One of the major reasons is the strategic segmentation of the human race; groups of people have been targeted as prime consumers of fast food. To consume, by definition, is to purchase goods for one’s own desires. The fast food industry has become just that, a desire to people of all statuses in society. In Eric Schlosser’s Fast Food Nation, the impact that the fast food industry has on children, parents and the foreign population as consumers is arguably detrimental in its use for economic success. The fast food industry targets many demographic groups in our society. Children are subjected to the billion dollar advertising campaigns that fast food restaurants create. Kids are enticed to purchase fast food before they can even earn money. This is where the industry makes their killing; by advertising to young children, parents are pressured to buy goods from the fast food restaurants. It’s not just getting kids to whine. It’s about giving them a specific reason to ask for the product† (Schlosser, 43). Although it is not the children specifically giving the cashier money for products, they have the tremendous power of leverage with their parents. Starting with a broad look: the restaurants themselves often times have a play area for children, McDonald’s being most notable for this. They create characters, such as Ronald McDonald and friends, to make kids feel like they are in a fun house or that the restaurant truly cares about each child. Taco bell’s chihuahua was a â€Å"cute† puppy for kids to love as well (Schlosser, 43). Kid’s meals in most fast food places are served with toys to play with. Fast food corporations began the process of synergy; they were signing with other major businesses to put popular toys in their meals. For example, Wendy’s signed with NCAA for action figures, McDonald’s signed with Ty for Beanie Babies and Pokemon cards (Schlosser, 47). When children found competition with other children to â€Å"get the next toy first,† there was a reason to come back to that restaurant. Even the color scheme on the packaging the meals come in is bright and exciting. Why would any child say no? The parents of these children and teens are also affected by the fast food industry. As previously mentioned, children pressure their parents to buy goods from fast food chains. Parents consume these goods for themselves but also represent their children, which makes up an entirely different consumer group. Fast food caters to those parents who are short on time, money or both. Parents who work long or unusual hours can count on a nearby fast food restaurant being open at all hours. Even when families are constantly on the move, a drive-thru is a quick and easier way to eat than making a meal at home or sitting down in a restaurant. In addition, parents who struggle with every penny they have can buy their family meals for a fraction of alternative options. McDonald’s company historian says, â€Å"Working-class families could now afford to feed their kids restaurant food† (Schlosser, 20). Parents want to give their children the best; being financially able to take them to restaurants is a value that could now easily be attained with the emergence of the fast-food industry. Fast food chains have expanded beyond American borders for potential growth. McDonalds alone has over seventeen thousand restaurants in over 120 countries globally. That number does not include KFC, Pizza Hut, Burger King or Domino’s Pizza. They all receive a majority of their profit through overseas markets. Fast food chains symbolize Western economies and therefore, seen as the channel to economic prosperity in countries that are struggling (Schlosser, 229). Natives of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and countless other nations literally lined up for hours outside of brand new fast food franchises to purchase American food (Schlosser, 230). The billionaire responsible for bringing McDonald’s to Japan went as far as saying that eating their hamburgers would make them white, blonde and taller in stature (Schlosser, 231). The campaign to Americanize the world is more overwhelming now with people in every corner of the globe spending their money on American fast food. The saying â€Å"you are what you eat† is heavily campaigned outside of the United States. People are consuming KFC, Burger King, Pizza Hut and McDonald’s food in hopes to become more like Americans. After reading Fast Food Nation and analyzing this specific aspect of the fast food industry, I am able to form my own opinion. My first and foremost reaction to all of this is about health issues. There is a huge problem with feeding children food that is lacking in the nutrients necessary to grow and reach their highest potential in the future. Parents are feeding their children fast food but what were they [parents] fed as children? There was a lot more emphasis on home-cooked meals and the family sitting down for dinner every night back when today’s parents were growing up. Children are drinking sodas, eating processed hamburgers and other greasy foods without any previous knowledge to make that decision. They are not taught about nutrition and what they are really putting in their bodies before nagging their parents to get the latest toy in a happy meal, as an example. The most important years in a person’s life should be sustained with the best nutrients possible. I know that personally, my mother cooked a majority of my meals growing up and having fast food was a treat. Now I can make educated decisions on what foods to consume. I think that anything in moderation is acceptable; it is the families that get a different fast food meal four or five times a week that concern me. Along the same lines, parents are not setting the right examples for their children when they stop at the local drive-thru to grab dinner. There must be a balance between stimulating economies and sustaining healthy lives of all ages. In Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser describes children, parents and people living outside of American borders as targeted consumers by the fast-food industry. Kids are subjected to advertisements and several other ploys so that they will coerce their parents to buy them products from fast-food restaurants. Because they are such a large influence on the consumption of fast food, they are directly targeted as consumers. The parents are affected both indirectly and directly as consumers; they consume fast food for themselves and their children. Fast-food chains have made it convenient for parents who work atypical hours and those who cannot afford other meal options. With the success of the fast-food industry in America, corporations have moved their efforts to international patrons. Fast food has become a major symbol of Western living and is highly desirable to many foreign nations. The consumers’ love of fast food proves economic success, but does it show success in other aspects of human life? People have become so accustomed to purchasing fast-food meals that the entire standard of nutrition and healthy living has gone down; we truly are a fast food nation.

Nostradamous essays

Nostradamous essays Micheal De Nostradamus was a 16th century physician. He was very educated and talented for his time. He also had another gift that allowed him to see through time. Nostradamus made statements about the rise of Hitler to the end of the world. Although it was considered witch craft and could be put to death for predicting the future this did not stop him from making accurate predictions of the future. Micheal De Nostradamus was born in France in 1503. He was raised Catholic ,but learned the Jewish bible from his grandfather. At the age of seven Nostradamus has his first prediction. His family was leaving church when he noticed a friar getting water from a well. He walked over to the friar and kissed the robe he wore. His mother asked him why he did this and he said it is right to praise a pope. Many years after Nostradamuss death the friar became Pope Sixtous V. Nostradamus practiced medicine in France at the University. While he was a student the Black Plague broke out. He left the University to go cure the sick. He was a well known physician through France for his cure for the Black Plague. Scholars however do not know the medicines he used because he did not keep accurate records. At the height of the plague His wife, son, and daughter died from the plague the disease he could cure. This devastated him and the next ten years he spent wondering around Europe. This scholars say is when he concentrated on his other gift predicting the future. Nostradamus looked at his prophesying as a gift from god and that his visions needed to be wrote down. He wrote his visions in four line rhyming verses in Latin, Greek, French and with anagrams. He vision he had was called a quatrain for every one hundred quatrains he called it a century he wrote ten centuries. His first century was published in 1566. He received his visions in his library at night they came to him in voices from a fire burni ...

Homelessness Today essays

Homelessness Today essays One day as I was driving to my sisters house in Ravenswood, I saw an elderly man standing at the end of the off-ramp. The gentleman was holding a sign that read: Homeless will work for food. God Bless. As I rolled to a stop, I rolled down my window and offered him my last five dollars. To my amazement the gentleman declined my charity. He said god bless you miss but I will work for my keep. I told him that I could certainly appreciate that. I then inquired if he had a place to stay for the evening and he informed me that if he didnt get to Parkersburg he would go to a friends house. As Mr. Baumohl declares in his book Homelessness in America "The lives of all people, disabled or not, are embedded in circumstances shaped as much by structural factors as personal and biographical ones" ( 26). It is sad to say that with that statement the gentleman I encountered is not eligible for homeless assistance according to the West Virginia Bureau for women and childrens homeless services. In order to be eligible for services under the homeless program, an individual or family must be in immediate need of housing and have no income or means of obtaining housing. This means that there is no one, friend or family, who can provide emergency shelter and there are no financial resources available to the individual or family with which to purchase shelter. Individuals or families facing eviction are not yet homeless and therefore do not qualify for homeless services (West Virginia Bureau for Children and Families). Today, in America, more and more people are becoming homeless in every sense of the word and still unable to receive assistance from government agencies. We as a concerned and caring nation need to combat these unjust labels and help those who need it, not just those who qualify. Homeless, its meaning is literal and prosaic: the absence of a domicile. Thus, we employ it to describe those sl...

Schizophrenia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Schizophrenia - Essay Example The characteristic age of commencement is the late 20s for women and the early 20s for men. Moreover, women are more expected to have a ‘first break’ later in life. Consequently, approximately one third of women have a commencement of illness after age 30. Among the minor socioeconomic classes, schizophrenia is diagnosed disproportionately. Ordinarily, schizophrenia is caused by a multifaceted contact between thousands of genes and several environmental risk aspects, of which none causes schizophrenia on their own. The developing brain is also possibly to be affected by environmental risk factors. In addition, prenatal infection can cause delicate changes in neuron movement and placement, which would eventually result in irregular connections. It can also act directly on developing circuits and synapses. Immune and stress reactions can be changed permanently by prenatal exposure to infection or stress. This makes an individual to be more sensitive to succeeding environmental stressors that cause irregular associations in the brain (Gilmore, 2010). The causes of schizophrenia are extensively alleged to have a neurobiological foundation. The dopamine hypothesis, which is the main significant theory, asserts that schizophrenia is caused by hyperactivity in brain dopaminergic pathways. This theory is in conformity with the efficiency of antipsychotics and the capability of drugs such as amphetamines or cocaine that arouse dopaminergic activity to provoke psychosis. Moreover, Postmortem studies indicate higher numbers of dopamine receptors in precise subcortical nuclei of schizophrenics than in ordinary brains. Functional and structural abnormalities through brain imaging of schizophrenics and control populations have been an area of concern in recent studies (Podosyan, 2009). Long (2009) explains that schizophrenia frequently commences between the late adolescents and the mid-30s, while

Role of Individuals in Historical Thought Essay

Role of Individuals in Historical Thought - Essay Example With the progress of history, the intensifying and expansion of historical efforts, and the advancement of ‘science, technology and society’ a great number individuals take part in historical happenings and every person plays a ‘mounting role’ in the historical course and boosts his involvement to the ‘treasure store’ of material as well as religious way of life. The inventive action of the person is especially great within communist society where there are encouraging environment for free of charge labour and activity in different fields of social existence (Plekhanov, p. 32, 2003). Individuals, not Forces, make History Great individuals do not emerge accidentally but through historical requirement, when the resultant objective circumstances are ready. Exceptional leaders arrive at the forefront during a phase of fundamental radical alterations within society, political activities and known revolts. People of intellect appear in science usually when invention needs some outstanding scientific breakthrough. Exceptional artists, most of the time, show their flair on the most important ‘turning points in history’. In addition, a brilliant individual will go down in history simply if the general public requires his aptitude, temperament and intelligence on a particular phase of its progress. The leaders of the working class and all the waged people - such as Marx, Engels and Lenin - were wonderful individuals who left a profound mark on history. They were leaders of a â€Å"qualitatively new type† (Plekhanov, p. 51, 2003), impressive scholars and controller of the best faction of the public, the radical association of the working class. They had pledge and valour, unwavering personal belief in the impartiality of the socialist reasons, affection for the individuals and extreme dislike for their opponents. They were strongly connected with the public, trained them and in turn gained knowledge from the publi c, taking a broader view of their â€Å"rich revolutionary experience† (Limaye, p. 193, 1986). Lately, Oakeshott's efforts have been described as a ‘reformulation’ of moderation, one which attempts to free it of the conventionally main policies of â€Å"materialism, economism, and utilitarianism† (Limaye, p. 221, 1986). His individualism is known to be a systematically ‘Hegelian’ dismissal of the usual exact assumptions causing the materialist belief. Oakeshott is quoted mostly for having symbolically explained human activity along with interaction as dialogue. Ironically, a number of political philosophers fail to notice Oakeshott's added declaration that the persistent obsession with particular activities has in fact facilitated in making the general discussion of humanity relatively uninteresting.â€Å"Philosophy, on the other hand, is also effectively conversational; it is unusually conversable† (Limaye, p. 291, 1986). Oakeshottâ₠¬â„¢s formation of history is possibly more an issue of ‘modesty than of nihilism’. For Oakeshott, history’ as it is generally considered is a vague phrase, exemplifying two separate thoughts. First, there is the estimated sum of the existence of humankind, or the course of - in some way related - happenings inside this human account. This is a ‘past com prised’ of real historical happenings as well as individuals by actual historical performers; it is they, who make history, not the historians. Oakeshott argues that as it imagines history as a helpful collection of evidence to be mastered; this is not an appropriately